EXAMINATION OF THE REMOTE AND IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF HERDER-FARMER’ CONFLICT IN OMALA LGA, KOGI STATE.
Ojoduwa, Friday Joseph and Zamani E. Andrew
Volume 13 Issue 1
Abstract
The herders-farmers conflict in Omala LGA, Kogi State is a complex and persistent issue rooted in historical, economic, political, social, and environmental factors. This conflict has escalated into one of the most significant security challenges in the country. This study examines the root (remote) and direct (immediate) causes of the herder-farmer’s conflict, it also evaluate the effectiveness of current conflict resolution strategies and propose sustainable solutions. Relative Deprivation Theory is adopted as theoretical framework of analysis. Therefore, secondary sources of data collection were mainly used. The study employs qualitative analysis of existing literature, government reports, and periodicals, and other documentary materials, especially internet materials, which provide an in-depth understanding of the issue. The study reveals that a combination of historical grievances, climate change, population pressure, as well as resource competition (land-use competition), crop damage, government policies, ethnic and religious tensions etc have contributed to the persistence of the crisis. Despite various conflict resolution strategies, such as the establishment of the vigilante groups and peace dialogues, their effectiveness remains limited due to weak implementation and lack of inclusivity. This study advocates for sustainable solutions, including promoting ranching, integrated land-use planning, climate adaptation programs, and community-based conflict resolution mechanisms. These measures aim to address root causes, foster harmony, and ensure food security, paving the way for a peaceful coexistence between herding and farming communities in Omala LGA. Kogi State. Keywords: Farmer, Header, Conflict, Conflict Resolution Mechanisms, Sustainable Solutions.
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