SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF FARMERS AND HERDERS CONFLICT IN SOUTHERN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Janet J.M , P. S. Kundi, A. T. Ogah and M. Alkali
Volume 4 Issue 2
Abstract
The study investigates the socio-economic effects and spatial distribution of farmers and herders conflict in Southern Nasarawa State, Nigeria, using a mixed-method approach. This approach combines quantitative data gathered from questionnaires with affected farmers and herders to understand the conflict's effects, alongside spatial analysis techniques employing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) tools to map and identify conflict hotspots. The research focuses on how competition for dwindling resources has exacerbated tensions between farming and pastoral communities, revealing diverse and severe impacts. The conflict's effects include property damage accounting for (37%) of reported cases, followed by economic losses at 22%, and food insecurity representing (14%). These disruptions to livelihoods result in increased poverty and vulnerability. Additionally, psychological trauma accounts for 13% of the impacts, highlighting the mental health challenges that arise from constant threats of violence and displacement. Loss of life (10%) and unemployment (5%) further compound the socio-economic difficulties in the region. The spatial analysis reveals distinct conflict patterns, with areas experiencing varying levels of intensity depending on resource availability, population pressures, and local governance effectiveness. Regions with very high conflict intensity are often characterized by overlapping land claims, severe resource scarcity, and inadequate conflict management mechanisms, leading to frequent disputes. In contrast, areas with lower conflict intensity benefit from more effective resource management practices and stronger local governance structures, which help to alleviate tensions. The study suggests that resolving the farmers-herders conflict requires comprehensive interventions that address underlying causes, including sustainable resource management and land use practices. Strengthening local governance, promoting early conflict resolution, and integrating traditional conflict resolution frameworks are vital for reducing conflict intensity and fostering socio-economic stability. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to restore peace and promote sustainable development in Southern Nasarawa State. Keywords: Farmers, Herders, Conflict, Spatial analysis, Hotspots
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