THE ROLE OF THE BIMODAL VOTER ACCREDITATION SYSTEM (BVAS) IN ENHANCING ACCURACY AND TRANSPARENCY IN KOGI STATE ELECTIONS, 2023 – 2025
Edicha Blessing Ojochide , Yahaya Abdullahi Adadu, PhD and Mohammed Bello B., PhD
Volume 13 Issue 1
Abstract
The credibility of elections in Nigeria has often been undermined by irregularities in voter accreditation, raising concerns about accuracy and transparency in the electoral process. In response, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) introduced the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) as a technological innovation to improve electoral integrity. Despite its potential, operational and logistical challenges have raised questions about its overall effectiveness. This study examined the role of BVAS in enhancing the accuracy and transparency of voter accreditation in Kogi State elections between 2023 and 2025. The main aim was to assess the extent to which BVAS improved the reliability of accreditation processes while identifying challenges affecting its optimal performance. A multi-theoretical framework was adopted, combining Modernisation Theory, Systems Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Democratic Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model to provide a comprehensive analytical lens. The study employed a descriptive survey research design to collect and analyse relevant data. Findings revealed that BVAS significantly reduced incidents of multiple voting and identity fraud, thereby improving the accuracy of accreditation. However, technical malfunctions, poor network connectivity, and inadequate training of electoral staff hindered its full potential. Based on the findings, the study recommended that INEC provide comprehensive, hands-on training for election officials and ad-hoc staff to minimise operational errors. Furthermore, it suggested investment in upgrading BVAS infrastructure, including offline data storage and enhanced battery capacity, to ensure reliability in areas with poor connectivity and limited electricity supply. Keywords: Accuracy, Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS), Elections, Kogi State, Transparency.
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