EVALUATING MORPHOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING FLOODING DYNAMICS IN IBAJI LGA, KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
J. G. Aduku, A. T. Ogah, J. I. Magaji and S. K. Peter
Volume 5 Issue 1
Abstract
This study, Evaluating Morphological and Hydrological Factors Influencing Flooding Dynamics in Ibaji LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria, investigates how physical characteristics such as elevation, slope, and terrain wetness influence flooding in the region. The primary objective is to identify and analyze factors that contribute to flood vulnerability and propose data-driven strategies for mitigation. The study used both primary data, including field surveys and questionnaires, and secondary data, such as satellite imagery (ASTER DEM and Landsat), to evaluate morphologic and hydrologic properties. Advanced GIS tools like ArcGIS and ILWIS were employed to analyze these factors. The findings reveal that low-lying areas, with elevations ranging from (9m to 54m), and flat slopes, between 0° and 1.57°, are the most flood-prone. High terrain wetness index (TWI) values further indicate areas with a high likelihood of water accumulation, exacerbating flood risks. The study also highlights that significant land-use changes, including deforestation and agricultural expansion, have intensified these vulnerabilities by reducing natural drainage and increasing surface runoff. The study concludes that understanding the interplay of morphologic and hydrologic factors is critical for effective flood management. It recommends reforestation, sustainable land-use practices, and the integration of GIS-based flood mapping for planning and disaster response. These findings provide a framework for mitigating flood impacts and promoting sustainable development in Ibaji Local Government Area. Keywords: Morphologic, Hydrologic, Floods, Elevation, Slope, Terrain, Vulnerability
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